Geodata Concept Exercise 1#
Aim of the exercise#
The objective of this exercise is to make your first steps in QGIS. Understand the user interface and get to know the layer concept.
Display vector data in QGIS and view the attributes of the data
Reproject/Change the projection of the vector data
Links to Wiki articles#
Data#
Download all datasets here and save the folder on your computer and unzip the file. The zip folder includes:
Sierra_leone_borders.gpkg
(MultiLineString) GeoPackageSierra Leone national borders (Lines)
Sierra Leone provinces (Lines)
sierra_leone_health_HOT.shp
(Points) Shapefilesl-airports.csv
(CSV)
The borders GeoPackage contains administrative information for Sierra Leone at both national and provincial level. Additionally, the shapefile sierra_leone_health_HOT.shp
provides information on various health facilities within the country, while the sl-airports.csv
CSV-file offers information on airports.
Tasks#
Open the files you have downloaded in QGIS. To load the vector layers into QGIS, simply drag and drop the downloaded files onto the map canvas. When loading the health facilities, ensure that you select the .shp file. For the CSV file, select
Delimited Text
.
Interact with the map and explore the datasets. Use the zoom tool and move the map. Take note of the status bar at the bottom of the screen and observe how it changes. Focus on the scale window and observe how it varies as you zoom in and out.
Familiarise yourself with the layer window (layer list). Show and hide different layers and move layers around in the hierarchy. Give the data layer a meaningful name.
Note
Renaming the layer does not affect the data source, such as file names or storage location.
Check out the attribute data of the layers by examining the attribute table.
Change the projection in the map view to
WGS 84 / Pseudo-Mercator EPSG:3857
.
Note
This does not change the projection (coordinates) of the files, only the projection of the map view. Verify this by looking at the properties of the point layer. What projection is shown there?
Hint
To obtain information about a layer and its projections, double-click on the layer and look for the Information
section. This section contains general details such as the file name and file path, as well as information about the Coordinate Reference System (CRS) in the respective section.
Save the health facility layer in the
WGS 84 / Pseudo-Mercator EPSG:3857
projection. This will change the projection of the file. This can be done by right-clicking on the layer –>Export
–>Save Features As..
. In the pop-up window, select GeoPackage as the output file format and specify the file location and name by clicking on the three small points. The file can also be given a layer name, which will be displayed when it is loaded into QGIS. Before running this process, the projection can be changed by selecting the desired CRS in the designated section. Verify the changed projection by looking at the properties of the newly created layer.
Save your project.
Optional: You can add the OpenStreetMap base map via the browser window, under
XYZ Tiles
.
Note
Combining layers in different projections with online basemaps (typically have their own projections) can lead to display issues due to CRS conflicts. When layers have a distinct CRS, they may not align correctly or appear distorted when overlaid with an online basemap. To mitigate these problems, it’s advisable to either reproject the layers to match the CRS of the basemap (which is often not applicable) or temporarily remove the basemap before saving the project. This ensures that the map is displayed accurately and avoids potential visual discrepancies caused by CRS inconsistencies.