Exercise: OpenStreetMap data export

Exercise: OpenStreetMap data export#

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Aim of the exercise:#

This exercise aims to show multiple ways how to get OpenStreetMap(OSM) as a vector file into QGIS.

Relevant wiki articles#

Data sources#

In this exercise, you will download all data during the exercise.

Task#

There are multiple ways how to get data from OpenStreetMap (OSM).

Task: Geofabrik#

The Geofabrik website offers downloads of OSM data by region.

Go to https://download.geofabrik.de/ and navigate to the Mauritius
dataset by clicking on Africa -> Mauritius
Under Commonly Used Formats select the option mauritius-latest-free.shp.zip and download the file. Place it somewhere on your computer where you can find it again and unzip it.
Check out the content of the folder. There are many different shapefiles, each containing one kind of OSM data. The whole list of layers and what they include can be found here.
Open a new QGIS project and save it in the project folder of your exercise folder.
Load the file gis_osm_places_a_free_1.shp. This polygon layer contains the boundaries of different features. Take some time to explore the data by using the attribute table.
(Optional) You can select all features within the layer with the “fclass” = “island” and export them as a new layer. This will allow you to start creating a map of the islands of Mauritius.
Load the file gis_osm_buildings_a_free_1.shp. This polygon layer contains all buildings in Mauritius mapped on OSM. Take some time to explore the layer.
Add a satellite base map by using the QuickMapServices plugin to check if there are unmapped buildings.
Load the file gis_osm_landuse_a_free_1.shp. Check out the dataset and use the classification function to get a better overview.
- Right-click on the layer gis_osm_landuse_a_free_1 in the Layer Panel -> Properties. A new window will open up with a vertical tab section on the left. Navigate to the Symbology tab.
- On the top you find a dropdown menu. Open it and choose Categorized. Under Value select “fclass” (short for featureclass).
- Further down the window click on Classify. You will see all unique values of the “fclass” column. You can adjust the colours by double-clicking on one row in the central field. Once you are done, click Apply and OK to close the symbology window.

As you can see, Geofabrik is great if you want to get complete OSM datasets for whole countries or regions.

Advantages	Disadvantages
+ Quick access to complete OSM datasets	- If one is only interested in specific features or regions (other then countries), not optimal
+ Very up-to-date OSM exports	- Large file size
+ Clear documentation of which OSM features are contained in each shapefile	- Only available as shapefile

Task: HOT Export Tool#

The HOT Export Tool is a tool for accessing OSM data offered by Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT). HOT offers a browser-based tool to download OSM data with good options to specify region, time, feature type and data format.

Go to the HOT Export tool. To use the tool you need an OSM account. If you don’t have one you need to create one. Click on Log in. In the new window select the option to create a new account.
If you have an OSM account you can log in directly into the HOT Export tool by clicking on Log in.
In this example, we want to download all banking and finance features from OSM in Mauritius.
1. Select area or location: Zoom to Mauritius on the map or use the search bar. To mark the main island there are three options. You can draw a box, draw a polygon or upload a GeoJOSN file with your boundaries. In this case, use one of the first two options to mark Mauritius.
2. Name and description: give your export the name “Mauritius financial institutions” and add a short description of your export.
3. Format tab: The HOT Export tool offers many data formats in which you can export data. Select GeoPackage (.pgkg) and leave the other options unchecked.
4. Data tab: The easiest way to select the data you want to download is the Tag Tree. Since we want to download financial institutions, find the “Financial” category and select all options (ATM, Bank, Bureau de Change).
5. Summary tab: Click on Create Export. You will be forwarded to a page to wait until the export is finished. When the processing is finished, the page will show a download link for your file.

../../_images/en_Hot_Export.png — Fig. 49 Hot Export tool download of Mauritius financial institutions. Adapted screenshot from HOT Export Tool#

Load the new file in QGIS.
Arrange the layers on the map so you can see the new layer.
(optional) Use the classification function to get a better overview to get a better overview:
- Right-click on the layer Mauritius_finical_institution in the Layer Panel -> Properties. A new window will open up with a vertical tab section on the left. Navigate to the Symbology tab.
- On the top you find a dropdown menue. Open it and choose Categorized. Under Value select “amenity”.
- Further down the window click on Classify. Now you should see all unique values or attributes of the selected “fclass” column. You can adjust the colours by double-clicking on one row in the central field. Once you are done, click Apply and OK to close the symbology window.

As you can see, the HOT Export tool offers a good mix of flexibility and quick access to OSM data. However, there are quite some steps involved until the data is in QGIS.

Advantages	Disadvantages
+ Good options for data selection	- Many steps involved
+ Many different data formats available	- Only fixed option for data selection
+ Easy to use
+ Query can easily be repeated

Task: QuickOSM#

The QuickOSM plugin allows you to load OSM data directly into QGIS. However, the plugin requires the deepest knowledge of the OSM data model, compared to the previous two options. To tailor your query based on the exact key and value you need there are two great resources:

OSM Wiki, and especially the Map features article.
Taginfo

Have a look at both.

Install the QuickOSM plugin by clicking on the Plugin tab, -> Manage and Install Plugins… -> All -> Search for “QuickOSM” -> Install Plugin
Now we want to find all health facilities on the island of Mauritius.
1. Position the island of Mauritius in a way that the island is completely visible in your map canvas.
2. Open the QuickOSM plugin by clicking on the Vector menu -> QuickOSM -> QuickOSM
3. Click on Quick query.
4. In the table, add “amenity” as the key and “hospital” as the value. This query will return hospital data.
5. Click on the green plus icon to add another line to the table. In this line select “OR” in the small dropdown menu on the left-hand side of the new line
6. Add “healthcare” as a new key with “hospital” as the value.
7. Below the table set the small dropdown menu to “Canvas Extent”
8. Click on Run query
Fig. 50 QuickOSM hospital query#
Check out the new layers in the layer panel. Open the attribute table of the point layer. Check the “healthcare” and “amenity” columns. Which data would be missing if you would have used only one of the keys?
Do the same query for La Reunion which is to the southwest of Mauritius. Move the island in the middle of your map canvas and click Run query. Does the attribute table of this new point layer look different?
What if we only want hospitals with an emergency room? In this case, we would need to build a query using a combination of the operators “OR” and “AND”. Look at the image below.

Fig. 51 QuickOSM hospital with emergency capacity query#

Now try to create a query that shows all accommodations like hotels on the island. To do that, use this wiki page. The solution can be found in the dropdown menu below.

Advantages	Disadvantages
+ Query can be tailored for very specific data	- Requires knowledge of OSM data model
+ Data loads directly in QGIS	- Building queries can quickly become complex
+ Query can easily be repeated