::::{grid} auto :::{grid-item-card} :class-card: sd-text-center sd-rounded-circle :link: https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/intro.html {octicon}`home-fill;1.5em;sd-text-danger` ::: :::: # Exercise 5: Larkana Flood response ::::{grid} 2 :::{grid-item-card} __Larkana flood response exercise track:__ ^^^ This exercise is the third exercise in the [Larkana flood response exercise track](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Exercise_tracks/en_larkana_flood_response.html). - [Previous exercise](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Module_2/en_qgis_data_sources_ex4.html) - [Next exercise](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Module_4/en_qgis_map_design_I_ex4.html) ::: :::{grid-item-card} __Competences covered in this exercise__ ^^^ - Select features and export to new file - Extract by Location - Reproject Layer - Editing the Attribute Table - Classification - Digitising a point Layer ::: :::: ::::{grid} 2 :::{grid-item-card} __Estimated time demand for the exercise__ ^^^ - The exercise takes around 3 hours to complete, depending on the number of participants and their familiarity with computer systems. ::: :::{grid-item-card} __Relevant wiki articles and module chapters__ ^^^ * [Geodata Import in QGIS](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_import_geodata_wiki.html) * [Layer Concept](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_layer_concept_wiki.html) * [Geodata Classification- Categorized](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_categorized_wiki.html) * [Geodata Classification - Graduated](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_graduated_wiki.html) * [Spatial Queries](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_spatial_queries_wiki.html) * [Table function - Add field](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_table_functions_wiki.html#add-field) * [Digitisation- Point data](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_digitisation_wiki.html#add-geometries-to-a-layer) ::: :::: :::{topic} Aim of the exercise In 2024, the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Balochistan in Pakistan experienced devastating floods due to intense and prolonged rainfall. As a result, critical infrastructure, such as health facilities, were impacted and road access to the city of Larkana was severly limited. The following exercises will utilize actual data from this natural disaster. The objective is to pinpoint the specific medical centers and healthcare facilities that were impacted by the flooding. Additionally, we will assess the viability of road access to the city of Larkana on August 12 2024. Participants will work with multiple layers and conduct spatial queries. Additionally, they will learn how to create their own geodata. The exercise is divided into three tasks. In the first part, we will export the administrative boundaries in our area of interest (AOI). In the second task, the health facilities located in our AOI will be extracted and we will identify which health facilities are located inside the flood extent layer. In the third task, the road access will be determined by identifying which roads are potentially flooded. ::: ## Instructions for the trainers :::{dropdown} __Trainers Corner__ ### Prepare the training - Take the time to familiarise yourself with the exercise and the provided material. - Prepare a white-board. It can be either a physical whiteboard, a flip-chart, or a digital whiteboard (e.g. Miro board) where the participants can add their findings and questions. - Before starting the exercise, make sure everybody has installed QGIS and has downloaded __and unzipped__ the data folder. - Check out [How to do trainings?](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Trainers_corner/en_how_to_training.html#how-to-do-trainings) for some general tips on facilitating trainings. ### Conduct the training __Introduction:__ - Introduce the idea and aim of the exercise. - Provide the download link and make sure everybody has unzipped the folder before beginning the tasks. __Follow-along:__ - Show and explain each step yourself at least twice and slow enough so everybody can see what you are doing, and follow along in their own QGIS-project. - Make sure that everybody is following along and doing the steps themselves by periodically asking if anybody needs help or if everybody is still following. - Be open and patient to every question or problem that might come up. Your participants are essentially multitasking by paying attention to your instructions and orienting themselves in their own QGIS-project. __Wrap up:__ - Leave time for any issues or questions concerning the tasks at the end of the exercise. - Leave some time for open questions. ::: ## Available Data :::{card} :link: https://nexus.heigit.org/repository/gis-training-resource-center/Module_3/Exercise_5/Module_3_Exercise_5_Larkana_Flood.zip __Download all datasets [here](https://nexus.heigit.org/repository/gis-training-resource-center/Module_3/Exercise_5/Module_3_Exercise_5_Larkana_Flood.zip) and save the folder on your computer and unzip the file.__ ::: | Dataset | Original title | Publisher | Downloaded from | | :-------------------- | :----------------- |:----------------- |:----------------- | | PAK_Sindh_adm1.gpkg | [Subnational Administrative Boundaries](https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-pak) | UN OCHA | HDX | | PAK_Sindh_adm2.gpkg | [Subnational Administrative Boundaries](https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-pak) | UN OCHA | HDX | | PAK_Sind_Health_Facilities.gpkg | [Pakistan Health Facilities (OpenStreetMap Export)](https://data.humdata.org/dataset/hotosm_pak_health_facilities) |Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT) | HDX | | VIIRS_20240721_20240803_MinimumFloodExtent_PAK.shp | [Satellite detected water extents from 08 to 12 August 2024 over Pakistan)](https://data.humdata.org/dataset/satellite-detected-water-extents-from-08-to-12-august-2024-over-pakistan) | UNO SAT | HDX | | Roads_Larkana.gpkg | [Roads Larkana](https://export.hotosm.org/v3/exports/7f1e78c7-f671-41e3-9ec3-6fc6ac31c929) |Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team | HOT Export Tool (Export created in September 2024) | :::{hint} Reprojected and fixed Flood extend layer can be downloaded __[here](https://nexus.heigit.org/repository/gis-training-resource-center/Module_3/Exercise_5/Module_3_Exercise_5_Larkana_Flood_Day2.zip)__ ::: :::{hint} Folder structure To keep your data organized and easily accessible, it's important to establish a clear folder structure on your computer for your QGIS projects and geodata. Ensure that your exercise data are saved in a location that allows for easy retrieval and association with the corresponding QGIS project. ::: ## Task 1: Gain an overview of the situation around Larkana ::::{card} __Context__ ^^^ :::{figure} ../../../fig/IFRC-icons-colour_SURGE.png --- width: 100px align: right name: IFRC Surge Icon --- ::: You have been deployed as an information manager to the flood-affected regions of Pakistan. Upon your arrival you received reports from the operations team indicating that the city of [Larkana](https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=12/27.5565/68.1672) and its surrounding areas have been severely affected by the floods. The team needs a general overview of the location of the city. :::: :::{figure} ../../../fig/Module_3/en_m3_ex5_Task_1.png --- name: Task_1_workflow width: 750 px --- ::: ::::{margin} :::{admonition} Tip :class: note You cannot interact with a base map! ::: :::: 1. Open QGIS and create a [new project](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_projects_folder_structure_wiki.html#step-by-step-setting-up-a-new-qgis-project-from-scratch) by clicking on `Project` → `New`. 2. Once the project is created [save the project](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_projects_folder_structure_wiki.html#save) in the folder of the exercise "Module_3_Exercise_2_Flood_Larkana". To do that click on `Project` → `Save as` and navigate to the folder. Name the project "PAK_Larkana_flood_2024". 3. First, we want to add the OpenStreetMap as a base map for orientation. To add the OSM as a base map click on `Layer` → `Add Layer` → `Add XYZ Layer…`. Choose `OpenStreetMap` and click `Add`. 4. Next, load the GeoPackage __"PAK_Sindh_adm2.gpkg"__ in your project by drag and drop ([Wiki Video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_import_geodata_wiki.html#open-vector-data-via-drag-and-drop)). Or click on `Layer` → `Add Layer` → `Add Vector Layer`. Click on the three points ![](../../../fig/Three_points.png) and navigate to __"PAK_Sindh_adm2.gpkg"__. Select the file and click `Open`. Back in QGIS click `Add` ([Wiki Video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_import_geodata_wiki.html#open-vector-data-via-layer-tab)). :::{Attention} GeoPackage files can contain multiple files and even entire QGIS projects. When you load such a file in QGIS a window will appear in which you have to select the files you want to load in your QGIS project. ::: 5. To get an overview of the situation, we want to export the administrative boundaries for our Area of Interest (AOI). To do this, we want to export the district __Larkana__, as well as the neighbouring districts from the `PAK_adm2_Sindh`-layer. - Right-Click on the `PAK_adm2_Sindh`-layer and select [Open Attribute table](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_attribute_table_wiki.html). - Find the the column `ADM2_EN` and find the row for the district of Larkana. - Click on the numbers all the way to the left of the attribute table window to select the Larkana feature. The row will appear blue and the area of Larkana will turn yellow on the map canvas. - Click on `Zoom Map to selected rows` in the top bar of the attribute table window. ![](../../../fig/qgis_3.36_zoom_to_selected_rows_at.png). - Close the attribute table. ::::{margin} :::{tip} Holding Ctrl while selecting features let's you add more features to your current selection. Otherwise, you will deselect the previous polygon. Keep in mind that you can only select features from the layer you have currently selected in the layers panel. :::: - In the toolbar at the top of the QGIS-window, select the tool `Select Feature(s)` ![](../../../fig/selection_toolbar_feature_selection.png). Hold Ctrl and Click on the districts that are surrounding the district of Larkana ([Wiki Video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_spatial_queries_wiki.html#manual-selection)). The six selected districts should appear yellow on your map canvas. - Deactivate the `Select Feature(s)`-tool by clicking on the icon ![](../../../fig/qgis_move_symbol.png) in the toolbar at the top of your QGIS-window. - We can now export the selected features and save them to a new file. Right click on the `PAK_adm2_Sindh` layer and select `Export` → `Save Selected Features as`. - A new window will open. Here, you can select how and where the selected features are saved. :::{figure} ../../../fig/en_qgis_3.36_m3_ex5_export_features.png --- name: m3_ex5_export_selection width: 450 px --- Make sure to save the geopackage in the correct location by clicking on the three dots to the right of the `File name`-field. ::: - Under `Format`, select geopackage. - To the right of the `File name`-field, click on the three dots. Navigate to the folder with the exercise data and save it in the `data/temp/` folder. - Enter a layer name. For example, "__Flood_2024_AOI__". - Click `OK`. The exported layer should appear in your layers panel. ::::{margin} :::{Tip} Do not forget to save your project from time to time! ::: :::: :::{topic} Achievement Now you have an overview of where the district of Larkana is located in Sindh. The operations team can use this information. ::: ## Task 2: Estimation of Flood Impact on the Health Sector in Larkana ::::{card} __Context__ ^^^ :::{figure} ../../../fig/IFRC-icons-colour_Health.svg --- width: 100px align: right name: IFRC HEalth Icon --- ::: Posts on social media have indicated a significant impact on the healthcare system in the region. You have been tasked to find out as much as you can about the situation and, if feasible, to estimate the impact on the health system. :::: :::{figure} ../../../fig/Module_3/en_m3_ex5_Task_2.png --- name: task_2_workflow width: 750 px --- ::: 1. First, we need to find out where the health facilities are located in the area. We can find datasets by doing a quick search on the [humanitarian data exchange (HDX)](https://data.humdata.org). Here you can find the dataset "Pakistan Health Facilities (OpenStreetMap Export)". We will be using this dataset. The dataset is already available in the download folder for this exercise. - Import the GeoPackage `PAK_Health_Facilities_complete.gpgk` into your project. You can either drag it onto the map canvas, or open the import window by clicking on `Layer` → `Add Layer` → `Add Vector Layer` in the top bar of QGIS ([see wiki page](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_import_geodata_wiki.html)). A new layer with point data will appear on your map canvas. - Once we have imported the healthsites, we can extract those that are located inside of our Area of Interest. We can achieve this with the tool `Extract by Location`. - In the __Processing Toolbox__ ([opening the toolbox](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_interface_wiki.html#open-toolbox)), search for the tool "Extract by Location". Double-Click on it. A new window will open. :::{figure} ../../../fig/PAK_extract_locatio_HS.png --- width: 400px name: Extract by location Pakistan align: center --- Extracting the health facilities in our Area of Interest using the tool "Extract by Location". ::: - As `Input Layer`, select the layer `PAK_Health_Facilities_complete`. - The `Geometric predicate` should be set to `Intersect`. - Under `By comparing to the features from`, select the area of interest layer "__Flood_2024_AOI__". - Under `Extracted (location)`, click on the three dots and select `Save to Geopackage`. - Navigate to the `/Module_3_Exercise_5_Larkana_Flood/data/temp/`-folder. - Give the file the name __“Health_Facilities_Flood_2024_AOI”__ and click `Save`. - You will be prompted to enter a layer name. Give it the same name as the file and click `OK`. - Click `Run`. The new layer will appear in your layers tab. Now we have an overview of the location of health facilities. However, we want to know which health facilities are impacted by the flood. Fortunately, the UN has just shared a dataset about the extent of floods from the 8th to the 12th of August, which we can overlay with our layer with the healthsites to identify the healthsites that are in the flooded area. 2. Import the dataset __"VIIRS_20240721_20240803_MinimumFloodExtent_PAK.shp"__ into your QGIS project. 3. Once you have loaded the layers in QGIS, you can see that they are correctly displayed. However, upon checking the layer information, you can see that the new layers have a different Coordinate Reference System (CRS). They have the EPSG Code 9707 whereas our project has 4326 ([Wiki Video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_projections_wiki.html#how-to-check-epsg-code-crs-of-your-qgis-project-and-change-it)). * Right-click on the layer and select `Properties`. The properties window will open. - In the vertical tab bar on the left, navigate to `Information`. Here you will find additional information about the selected dataset. * Under the headline "Coordinate Reference System (CRS)", you can find all the information about the CRS. The most important are: - __Name:__ Here you find the EPSG-Code. - __Units:__ Here you find information about the units of measurements used in the dataset. For example, either meters or degrees. 4. This will be a problem as soon as we do something different then just displaying the layers. Since we want to manipulate the layers in the next step, we need to reproject them first ([Wiki Video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_projections_wiki.html#changing-the-projection-of-a-vector-layer)). * At the top of your QGIS-window, click on the `Vector` tab → `Data Management Tools` → `Reproject Layer`, or search for the tool in the `Processing Toolbox`. * As `Input layer` select __"VIIRS_20240721_20240803_MinimumFloodExtent_PAK.shp"__. * Select as target CRS/EPSG-Code __4326__. * Save the new file in your `temp` folder by clicking on the three dots ![](../../../fig/Three_points.png) next to `Reprojected`, specify the file name as __"2024_MinFloodExtend_reprojected"__. * Click `Run`. * Delete the old layer from the layer panel by right-clicking on the layer → `Remove layer`. * Adjust the opacity of the flood layer by right-clicking on layer __"2024_MinFloodExtend_reprojected"__ in the Layer Panel and selecting `Properties`. The properties window will open up with a vertical tab section on the left. - Navigate to the `Symbology`-tab. - Adjust the opacity to around 60% by moving the slider. We have observed that certain health facilities have been impacted by the flood. In order to visualise this information on the map, we plan to include a new attribute called __"Flood_affected"__ in the attribute table of __"Health_Facilities_Flood_2024_AOI"__. To accomplish this, we will select all the health facilities that are located inside the flood extent by using the tool "Select by Location". In a next step, we will add a new column to the attribute table and add information into our selected healthsites. 5. Open the `Processing Toolbox` ([Wiki video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_interface_wiki.html#open-toolbox)) and search for the tool __"Select by Location"__. * `Select features from` = __"Health_Facilities_Flood_2024_AOI"__. * As `Geometric predicate` we use `intersect`. * For `By comparing to the features from` we use the layer __"2024_MinFloodExtent_reprojected"__. * `Modify current selection by` = `creating new selection`. * Click `Run`. :::{figure} ../../../fig/PAK_flood_select_by_location.PNG --- width: 400px name: Select flood affected health facilities align: center --- Selecting the flood affected health facilities using the tool "Select by Location". ::: ::::{admonition} Possible Error Message :class: warning, dropdown In case you encounter the error: ``` Feature (1) from “2024_MinFloodExtend_reprojected” has invalid geometry. Please fix the geometry or change the Processing setting to the “Ignore invalid input features” option. Execution failed after 0.07 seconds ``` You need to first use the tool __"Fix Geometry"__ before repeating the previously failed step 5 of using the tool __"Select by Location"__. * To do so open the [`Processing Toolbox`](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_interface_wiki.html#open-toolbox) and search for the tool __"Fix Geometries"__. * `Input layer` = `2024_MinFloodExtend_reprojected` * Save the new file in your `temp` folder by clicking on the three dots ![](../../../fig/Three_points.png), specify the file name as __"2024_MinFloodExtend_reprojected_fix"__. * Click `Run`. :::{figure} ../../../fig/ PAK_flood_ngeomertrie_error.PNG --- width: 400px name: Fix Geometry align: center --- The error message indicating invalid geometries. ::: :::: 6. We can edit the attribute table for the features that we have selected: - Open the attribute table of __"Health_Facilities_Flood_2024_AOI"__ by right clicking on the layer → `Open Attribute Table` ([Wiki Video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_attribute_table_wiki.html)). - Activate the editing mode by clicking on ![](../../../fig/mActionToggleEditing.png) ([Wiki Video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_attribute_table_wiki.html#change-data-in-the-attribute-table)). Now you are able to edit the data directly in the table. - We want to add a new column with the name __"Flood_affected"__ to identify which healthsites are located inside of the flood extent. Click on ![](../../../fig/mActionNewAttribute.png). A new window will open. - In the `Add field`-window, add the name of the column and specify the `Type` to `Text (string)` ([Wiki Video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_attribute_table_wiki.html#add-new-column)). - Click `OK`. :::{figure} ../../../fig/ PAK_flood_new_column.PNG --- width: 300px name: New column Pakistan align: center --- Adding a new column to the attribute table for the healthsites layer. ::: 7. Next, we want to edit the rows in the attribute table for the features we have selected. - Look for the `Show all Features` option in the lower left corner and click on it. - Select the option `Show selected features` ([Wiki Video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_attribute_table_wiki.html#manually-select-features-in-the-attribute-table)). This will filter the table to display only the rows that represent the health facilities directly impacted by the flood. - Write `Yes` in the __"Flood_affected"__ column in each selected row. - When you are done, click ![](../../../fig/mActionSaveEdits.png) to save your edits and switch off the editing mode by again clicking on ![](../../../fig/mActionToggleEditing.png) ([Wiki Video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_attribute_table_wiki.html#change-data-in-the-attribute-table)). - Click on the icon ![](../../../fig/selection_toolbar_feature_deselection.png) in the toolbar to end the feature selection. 8. We can display the enriched dataset by visualising it using the categorised classification symbolisation method. This means that we select a column from the attribute table and use the values/content as categories to sort and display the data ([Wiki Video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_categorized_wiki.html)): - In the layers panel, right-click on the layer __"Health_Facilities_Flood_2024_AOI"__ and select `Properties`. A new window will open up with a vertical tab section on the left. - Navigate to the `Symbology` tab. - At the top of the window, there is a dropdown menu. Open it and choose `Categorized`. - Under `Value`, select the column we added, "Flood_affected". - Further down in the window, click on `Classify`. The unique values of the column "Flood_affected" should appear. - You can adjust the symbolisation and colour of each value by double-clicking on each color in the table. - Once you are done adjusting the colours, click `Apply`, then `OK` to close the symbolisation window. :::{figure} ../../../fig/en_qgis_categorized_classification_Pakistan_flood_exercise.png --- width: 600px name: Flood affected health facilities classification align: center --- Classifying the flood affected health facilities. ::: :::{card} __Achievement:__ ^^^ We've pinpointed the specific health facilities that have been inundated by the floods. Our findings indicate that a total of four facilities have been completely flooded and are currently non-operational. Considering we assessed the minimum flood impact, it's highly probable that more health facilities will also be impacted. This data is crucial for our operational team as it will enable them to strategize and execute an effective response. ::: ## Task 3: Logistical access to Larkana City ::::{card} __Context__ ^^^ :::{figure} ../../../fig/IFRC-icons-colour_Logistics.svg --- width: 100px align: right name: IFRC Logistics Icon --- ::: The operations team is making plans to deliver much-needed supplies to the affected region around Larkana. Currently, there is uncertainty about how the supplies can be transported there. The operations team has asked for more information on this topic. They need answers to the following three questions: * Which roads leading into Larkana are blocked, and at what specific locations are they blocked? * Are there any bridges that can be crossed from the eastern side of the Indus to the western side, and where are these bridges located? * If transporting supplies by road into the region is not feasible, what alternative method could be used to deliver the supplies? In order to get a clearer picture, we need to import the road network data for the region into QGIS. Look for the file in the input folder. The road network is initially displayed without showing any road types or other relevant details. We should apply a categorized classification technique only to display the specific roads that we are interested in. :::: :::{figure} ../../../fig/Module_3/en_m3_ex5_Task_3.png --- name: Task_3_workflow width: 750 px --- ::: 1. Load the dataset __"Roads_Larkana.gpkg"__ from your input folder into your QGIS-project. 2. Lets set up the categorised classification. OpenStreetMap data distinguishes between different road types using the column "highway". - Right-click on the layer __"Roads_Larkana"__ and select `Properties`. The properties window will open up. - Navigate to the `Symbology`-tab. - At the top, select `Categorized` ([Wiki Video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_categorized_wiki.html)). - Under `Value`, select "highway". - Click on `Classify`. You should see all the unique values for the "highway" column. - Remove the ticks for all categories except for `motorway`, `primary`, `secondary`, and `trunk`. - You can adjust the colours by double-clicking on the categories. :::{figure} ../../../fig/PAK_road_classification.PNG --- width: 600px name: Pakistan road classification align: center --- The symbolisation window for the Roads_Larkana.gpkg layer. ::: - You have the option to customize the width of the main roads' lines to improve the visualization. Open the Symbology window, then select `Symbol`. In the new window, you can adjust the width of the lines to your preference. :::{figure} ../../../fig/PAK_road_symbol_weight.png --- width: 600px name: Pakistan road classification align: center --- Adjusting the symbolisation of the different road types. ::: - Once you are done, click `Apply` and `OK` to close the symbology window. ::::{margin} :::{tip} There are methods to automate the digitisation process which will be covered in [module 5: Intermediate GIS Operations](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Module_5/en_module_5_overview.html). ::: :::: 3. Finally, we want to visualise the roads that are flooded. To simplify the process, we will manually search for the roads intersecting with the flood extent layer and mark them with points. For this purpose, we will create a new point dataset representing the blocked roads. * Click on `Layer` → `Create Layer` → `New GeoPackage Layer` ([Wiki Video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_digitisation_wiki.html#create-a-new-layer)) - Under `Database` click on ![](../../../fig/Three_points.png) and navigate to `temp` folder. Give the new dataset the name __“PAK_flood_2024_blocked_road”__. Click `Save`. - `Geometry type`: Select `Point` - Under `Additional dimension` you should always make sure that you check `None`. - Select the coordinate reference system (CRS) "EPSG:4326-WGS 84". By default, QGIS selects the project CRS. - Under `New Field` you can add columns to the new layer. Add the column __“Blocked_road”__. * `Name` = __“Blocked_road”__ * `Type`: Select `Text(string)`. * Click on `Add to Fields List` ![](../../../fig/mActionNewAttribute.png) to add the new column to the `Fields List`. * Create another field with the `name` __"Blocked_bridge"__ and the `Type`: Select `Text(string)`. * Click `OK`. * Your new layer will appear in the layers panel. :::{figure} ../../../fig/PAK_blocked_road_new_layer.png --- width: 400px name: Pakistan road classification align: center --- Creating a new point layer. Make sure to specify a location using the three points at the top. ::: ::::{margin} :::{tip} If you cannot see the toolbar, click on the tab `View` → `Toolbars` and check `Digitizing Toolbar` ([Wiki Video](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_digitisation_wiki.html#creation-of-point-data)). ::: :::: 4. Now you can create a point for each place where the flood layer covers the main roads leading out of Larkana ([Wiki](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_digitisation_wiki.html#creation-of-point-data)). * Currently the new layer __“PAK_flood_2024_blocked_road”__ is empty. To add features we can use the `Digitizing Toolbar`. ![](../../../fig/Digitizing_Toolbar.png) * Activate the editing mode by clicking on ![](../../../fig/mActionToggleEditing.png). Next, activate the option to add new points by clicking on ![](../../../fig/mActionCapturePoint.png) `Add Point Feature` . * Look out for places where the flood layer covers the main roads or bridges leading out of Larkana. Once you have found one, left-click on the location you want to digitise. * Once you click on a place, a window will appear. Indicate that the road is blocked by writing `Yes` in the field `Blocked_road`. * Repeat this step with all the locations your can find. :::{figure} ../../../fig/PAK_blocked_road_digitalise.png --- width: 400px name: Digitising blocked roads align: center --- This pop-up will open once you have selected a location to add a point. Make sure to enter the relevant information in the columns. ::: * Once you are done with digitizing click on ![](../../../fig/mActionSaveEdits.png) to save your edits. * Click again on ![](../../../fig/mActionToggleEditing.png) to end the editing mode. 5. Now, we have mapped all blocked main access roads into Larkana. We can use icons instead of just points to display the layer __“PAK_flood_2024_blocked_road”__ to visualise this fact better ([Wiki](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Wiki/en_qgis_single_symbol_wiki.html)). * Right-click on the layer __“PAK_flood_2024_blocked_road”__ in the Layer Panel and click on `Properties`. A new window will open up with a vertical tab section on the left. Navigate to the `Symbology` tab. * Keep the `Single Symbol` option. Select any symbol from the list that is appropriate for marking blocked roads. * Once you are done, click `Apply` and `OK` to close the symbology window. * After you are done, click on the icon ![](../../../fig/qgis_move_symbol.png) to end the feature selection mode. :::{figure} ../../../fig/PAK_blocked_road_symbol.png --- width: 600px name: Visualising blocked roads with icons align: center --- Adjusting the symbolisation for the new point layer. Make sure to choose a marker that can be easily identified. ::: Part of your assignment was to point out possible alternatives to road transport. Can you identify any? ::::{dropdown} __Answer__ In the south-west of Larkan City, you can find the [Mohenjodaro Airport](https://www.google.com/search?q=Larkana&rlz=1C1GCEA_enDE1048DE1048&oq=Larkana&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyDAgAEEUYORjjAhiABDIHCAEQLhiABDIHCAIQABiABDIHCAMQABiABDIHCAQQABiABDIHCAUQABiABDIGCAYQRRg9MgYIBxBFGD2oAgiwAgE&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#vhid=0x0:0xf59fc8243b2b9d0e&vssid=lclsmap&eim=CAEQDhoRMjcuMzI4NDM3NTc5NDIyNjIiETY4LjE0MjA5NTk3MDUzNTQ4KhQxNzY5OTA4NTExODUyNjQzMDQ3OA). Currently, the road from Larkana City to the airport appears to be open and accessible. This means that essential supplies could potentially be transported from the airport into the city without encountering any roadblocks. :::{figure} ../../../fig/PAK_road_access_airport.png --- width: 600px name: Road access to Mohenjodaro Airport align: center --- Road access to Mohenjodaro Airport ::: :::: :::{card} The operations team has now all the information they need to plan their logistics. Good Job! ::: ::::{admonition} Continue along this exercise track :class: note :::{figure} ../../../fig/IFRC-icons-colour_Map.png --- width: 100px align: right name: IFRC map icon --- ::: This exercise is part of the __Larkana Flood Response Exercise track__ and continues with an exercise in module 4. Click [here](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/english/content/en/Module_4/en_qgis_map_design_I_ex2.html) if you want to continue to the next exercise of this exercise track. ::::